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BackgroundIt has been reported that the causes of alcoholism arebio-socio-psycho-faceted. The present of psychologicaldysfunctions which are subsequently followed by alco-hol-use can result in alcoholism (second line causes ofalcohol-related problems) [1,2]. But many studies havefailed to recognize the fact that psycho-behavioral pat-terns of people (without any psychological dysfunctions)can lead to alcohol use and maybe subsequently, alcoholrelated problems. Stacy and coauthors have noted thatcognitive motivations of a person might be necessary formany behavioral patterns (drug or alcohol use etc). Theexpected consequences and perception determinewhether the individual starts to use alcohol or not, regu-larly or misuse it, consequently leading to alcohol pro-blems or not. Expectations and motives are theproximal factors in alcohol use [2-4]. Many theorieshave been used to explain the pattern of alcohol use inthe society. The self-effectiveness and motivational the-ories have been widely used to explain why people usealcohol. Alcohol users are mostly affected by themotives they prefer. For example, social factors aremostly associated with alcohol misuse. Alcohol use toreduce stress is associated with solitary drinking [3,4][5]. As in many other countries, alcohol use is a majorpublic health problem in Belarus. The aim of this surveywas to unravel the psycho-behavioral patterns of youngpeople towards alcohol-use and to identify the majorfirst-line causes of alcohol related problems amongyoung adults in Belarus.Materials and methodsMinsk is the capital city of Belarus with the highestpopulation of young adults (ages 19-25) from every partof the country. A total 1599 respondents (average age20.5 years) were administered WHO recommendedquestionnaire (AUDIT) [5, 6], including other standar-dized questions. To determine the possible psycho-beha-vioral patterns necessary for the causes of alcohol-related problems, all respondents were divided into twomajor groups- the problem and non-problem groups.Some psycho-behavioral factors - celebrations, stress athome, days of wages, tradition, sweet properties of wine,to get drunk, use of alcohol to reduce bad mood wereconsidered as potential factors related to alcohol pro-blems. The probability value for significance was set atp < 0.05. Statistical calculations were performed usingSPSS 16.0 version of Windows and the criteria of Pear-son and Student’s t-test.ResultsAll in all, 87.5% alcohol users, 17.7% problem drinkerswere identified. Drinking to reduce bad mood (16.4%, p< 0.1); on days of wages (14.9%, p < 0.00001); forthe sweet qualities of alcohol (24.8%, p < 0.05); to getdrunk (26.7%, p < 0.0001) were reported by 87.5% alco-hol users (of which 17.7% were problem drinkers) as thefirst-line factors of alcohol related problems.ConclusionsAccording to the present study, the problem of alcoholuse in the general young adult population in Belarus ishigh. The first-line causes of alcohol related problemswere drinking to reduce bad mood, day of wages, to get

The first-line causes of alcohol-related problems: a case study among university students in Belarus