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BackgroundPatients with schizophrenia and their unaffected rela-tives exhibit significant P300 amplitude and latencyabnormalities in conjunction with neurocognitive defi-cits. Both the deficits in the P300 and neurocognitionsuggest that these indexes may be potential endopheno-types of the disorder. Few studies have examined therelationship between the P300 and neuropsychologicalmeasurements of sustained attention, visual memoryand current intellectual ability in schizophrenia andthese studies provide inconsistent results. The aim ofthepresentstudyis(a)toexaminewhichcognitiveimpairments the P300 reflects in schizophrenia and (b)to investigate the relationship between neurocognitionand the P300 in families with schizophrenia in order toexamine if these may be potential endophenotypes ofthe disorder.Materials and methods95 patients with schizophrenia (35 females, 60 males),149 of their non-psychotic unaffected first-degree rela-tives (91 females, 57 males) and 69 unrelated healthycontrols with no personal family history of psychosis(39 females, 30 males) were assessed both in a P300oddball paradigm and neuropsychological measure-ments such as the WAIS-R (Wechsler, 1981), responsetendency of the Conner’s Continuous PerformanceTest (Conners, 1995), immediate and delayed visualrecall of The Wechsler Memory Scale-Russell’sversion(Russell, 1975). STATA 9.0 (STATA Corporation, Col-lege Station, TX) was used for the statistical analysis ofdata.ResultsSignificant P300 amplitude reductions and prolongedlatencies were found in patients and their unaffectedrelatives independent of current general intellectual abil-ity, education and age. There was a significant effect ofsustained attention (response tendency), on the P300amplitude reductions of patients and their unaffectedrelatives. Immediate visual recall had a significant effecton the P300 amplitude reduction of patients and theirunaffected relatives, while there was no effect of delayedvisual recall. There was no significant effect of immedi-ate and delayed visual recall on the P300 prolongedlatencies of patients and their unaffected relatives.Sustained attention did not have a significant effect onthe P300 latency, but after controlling for its effect thedifferences between the groups disappeared.ConclusionsThe findings of the present study suggest that the P300amplitude reduction that patients and their unaffectedrelatives exhibited reflected impairments in effortfulattention and in the use of short-memory processes (e.g.encoding) that involve the visual modality. The findingsalso suggest a dissociation between the P300 anddelayed visual recall in patients and their unaffectedrelatives. Although it is less clear from the present find-ings, the prolonged P300 latency does not seem toreflect impairments in sustained attention and visualmemory processes in either patients with schizophreniaor their unaffected relatives. The P300 amplitude reduc-tion seems to be a potential endophenotype ofschizophrenia

The relationship between visual memory and the P300 in families with schizophrenia