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Materials and methods Twelve healthy male subjects (median age 35 years) were studied at baseline, following i.v. lorazepam administration and after reversal of the benzodiazepine effects with i.v. flumazenil. Lorazepam was given at a low-dose in one subject (0.0225 mg/kg bolus + 2 μg/kg/h infusion) and at a high-dose (0.045 mg/kg bolus + 2.6 μg/kg/h infusion) in the rest. Threshold (Thr) was measured at 1% steps. SPs were investigated with two complementary methods. First, SPs were elicited using a wide range of stimulus intensities (SIs) (from 5 to 100% maximum SI at 5% increments). At each SI, 4 SPs were obtained and the average value of SP duration was used to construct a stimulus/ response (S/R) curve of SI vs. SP. The resulting S/R curves were then fitted to a Boltzman function, the best-fit values of which were statistically compared for each experimental condition (i.e., baseline vs. lorazepam vs. flumazenil). Second, a large number of SPs was elicited during the three experimental conditions using blocks of 4 stimuli with an intensity alternating between MT and 200% MT. This method was employed so as to reveal the dynamic, time-varying effects of lorazepam and flumazenil on SP duration at two stimulus intensity (SI) levels. Finally, active MEP recruitment curves were constructed and fitted to a Boltzman function the best-fit values of which were statistically compared for each experimental condition.

Lorazepam effects on silent period and corticomotor excitability