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Background  The molecular targets for the promising gaseous anaesthetic xenon are still under investigation. Most studies identify  N -methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors as the primary molecular target for xenon, but the role of α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole-4-propionic acid (AMPA) receptors is less clear. In this study we evaluated the effect of xenon on excitatory and inhibitory synaptic transmission in the superficial dorsal horn of the spinal cord using  in vitro  patch-clamp recordings from rat spinal cord slices. We further evaluated the effects of xenon on innocuous and noxious stimuli using  in vivo  patch-clamp method.    Results   In vitro , xenon decreased the amplitude and area under the curve of currents induced by exogenous NMDA and AMPA and inhibited dorsal root stimulation-evoked excitatory postsynaptic currents. Xenon decreased the amplitude, but not the frequency, of miniature excitatory postsynaptic currents. There was no discernible effect on miniature or evoked inhibitory postsynaptic currents or on the current induced by inhibitory neurotransmitters.  In vivo , xenon inhibited responses to tactile and painful stimuli even in the presence of NMDA receptor antagonist.    Conclusions  Xenon inhibits glutamatergic excitatory transmission in the superficial dorsal horn  via  a postsynaptic mechanism. There is no substantial effect on inhibitory synaptic transmission at the concentration we used. The blunting of excitation in the dorsal horn lamina II neurons could underlie the analgesic effect of xenon.

Xenon Inhibits Excitatory but Not Inhibitory Transmission in Rat Spinal Cord Dorsal Horn Neurons