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Background  Exposure to small size particulate matter in urban air is regarded as a risk factor for cardiovascular effects, whereas there is little information about the impact on the cardiovascular system by exposure to pure carbonaceous materials in the nano-size range. C 60  fullerenes are nano-sized particles that are expected to have a widespread use, including cosmetics and medicines.    Methods  We investigated the association between intraperitoneal injection of pristine C 60  fullerenes and vasomotor dysfunction in the aorta of 11–13 and 40–42 weeks old apolipoprotein E knockout mice (apoE -/- ) with different degree of atherosclerosis.    Results  The aged apoE -/- mice had lower endothelium-dependent vasorelaxation elicited by acetylcholine in aorta segments mounted in myographs and the phenylephrine-dependent vasoconstriction response was increased. One hour after an intraperitoneal injection of 0.05 or 0.5 mg/kg of C 60  fullerenes, the young apoE -/-  mice had slightly reduced maximal endothelium-dependent vasorelaxation. A similar tendency was observed in the old apoE -/-  mice. Hampered endothelium-independent vasorelaxation was also observed as slightly increased EC 50  of sodium nitroprusside-induced vasorelaxation response in young apoE -/-  mice.    Conclusion  Treatment with C 60  fullerenes affected mainly the response to vasorelaxation in young apoE -/-  mice, whereas the vasomotor dysfunction in old apoE -/-  mice with more advanced atherosclerosis was less affected by acute C 60  fullerene treatment. These findings represent an important step in the hazard characterization of C 60  fullerenes by showing that intraperitoneal administration is associated with a moderate decrease in the vascular function of mice with atherosclerosis.

Modest vasomotor dysfunction induced by low doses of C60 fullerenes in apolipoprotein E knockout mice with different degree of atherosclerosis