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Background Hydrocehalus with myelomeningocele (MMC) is generally considered to be a problem in their early life. Few discussions have been made about the management of hydrocephalus with MMC after adolescence. Furthermore in Japan about 20 years ago closure of myelomeningocele was sometimes performed by orthopedists or pediatric surgeons and very little concerns about hydrocehalus were paid for. Therefore the process of the management of hydrocehaus varies widely among the patients with MMC in the adulthood, some patients are left untreated or longterm malfunctioned or others are intensively followed-up. The aim of this paper is to evaluate the intellectual and social outcome between various management and to report six cases who are underwent VP shunt in the adulthood because of their symptoms due to intemittently increased intracranial pressure are revealed after longstanding so called arrested hydrocephalus.

The problems of hydrocephalus and CSF shunt in the patients with myelomeningocele in their adolescence and adulthood