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Background  The conjugated linoleic acid isomer cis9trans11 CLA can be endogenously synthesized from trans vaccenic acid (C18:1 t11) via desaturation at the delta 9 position catalyzed by the stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1 (SCD1), also known as delta-9 desaturase (D9D). Diet, hormonal regulation of gene expression and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) have been implicated in altering circulating levels of fatty acids. Hormonal contraceptives (HC) have also been shown to influence levels of some fatty acids. SNPs in  SCD1  have been associated with altered levels of palmitoleic and oleic acids; however, associations between  SCD1  SNPs and D9D desaturation index have not been previously examined in relation to CLA. Herein, we investigated the effects of sex and HC use on circulating concentrations of c9t11 CLA and D9D desaturation index. Furthermore, we determined the effects of ten  SCD1  SNPs on D9D desaturation indices estimated by product to precursor ratio of c9t11 CLA to C18:1 t11.    Methods  Plasma samples were collected from subjects (Caucasian males: n = 113; Caucasian females: n = 298; Asian males: n = 98; Asian females: n = 277) from the Toronto Nutrigenomics and Health Study. Circulating fatty acids levels were measured by gas chromatography.    Results  Results show that circulating c9t11 CLA concentrations are significantly higher in females than males and they are further elevated in females using HC. In addition, a significant sex- and ethnic-specific association was found between  SCD1  SNP rs10883463 (p = 0.0014) and altered D9D activity in Caucasian males.    Conclusion  Findings from the present study identify  SCD1  SNPs and hormonal contraceptives as factors altering endogenous c9t11 CLA levels in a sex- and ethnic-specific manner.

nutrition and metabolism

Plasma concentration of cis 9trans 11 CLA in males and females is influenced by SCD1 genetic variations and hormonal contraceptives: a cross-sectional study