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Background  Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) Nef-encoded protein plays key functions at almost all stages of the viral life cycle, but its role in translation is largely unknown.    Methods  To determine the effect of Nef on translation we used an  in vitro  translation assay. The detection of Nef/RPS10 complexes and the presence of 18S rRNA and tRNAs in the complexes were performed by coimmunoprecipitation and RT-PCR assay.    Results  We observed that the HIV-1 Nef protein specifically impaired translation  in vitro.  We observed the interaction of Nef with RPS10 by coimmunoprecipitation assay. In addition 18S rRNA and tRNAs were present in the Nef/RPS10 complexes.    Conclusions  Our results are consistent with a model in which the Nef protein by binding to two components of the 40S small ribosomal subunit, RPS10 and 18S rRNA, and to a lesser extent to tRNAs, could lead to decreased protein synthesis.

The HIV-1 Nef Protein Interacts with two components of the 40S small ribosomal subunit, the RPS10 protein and the 18S rRNA