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Multiple reports have claimed that low-dose orally administered interferon (IFN)-α is beneficial in the treatment of many infectious diseases and provides a viable alternative to high-dose intramuscular treatment. However, research is needed on how to express IFN stably in the gut. Bifidobacterium may be a suitable carrier for human gene expression and secretion in the intestinal tract for the treatment of gastrointestinal diseases. We reported previously that  Bifidobacterium longum  can be used as a novel oral delivery of IFN-α. IFN-transformed  B. longum  can exert an immunostimulatory role in mice; however the answer to whether this recombinant  B. longum  can be used to treat virus infection still remains elusive. Here, we investigated the efficacy of IFN-transformed  B. longum  administered orally on coxsackie virus B3 (CVB3)-induced myocarditis in BALB/c mice. Our data indicated that oral administration of IFN-transformed  B. longum  for 2 weeks after virus infection reduced significantly the severity of virus-induced myocarditis, markedly down regulated virus titers in the heart, and induced a T helper 1 cell pattern in the spleen and heart compared with controls. Oral administration of the IFN-transformed  B. longum , therefore, may play a potential role in the treatment of CVB3-induced myocarditis.

Oral administration of interferon-α2b-transformed Bifidobacterium longum protects BALB/c mice against coxsackievirus B3-induced myocarditis