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Background  The abundance and the conservation of the  repeated element  ( rep ) genes in Ichnoviruses genomes suggest that this gene family plays an important role in viral cycles. In the Ichnovirus associated with the wasp  Hyposoter didymator , named HdIV, 10  rep  genes were identified to date. In this work, we report a relative quantitative transcription study of these HdIV  rep  genes in several tissues of the lepidopteran host  Spodoptera frugiperda  as well as in the  H. didymator  wasps.    Results  The data obtained in this work indicate that, in the early phases of infection (24 hours), HdIV  rep  genes each display different levels of transcripts in parasitized 2 nd  instar or HdIV-injected last instar  S. frugiperda  larvae. Only one,  rep1 , is significantly transcribed in female wasps. Transcript levels of the HdIV  rep  genes were found as not correlated to their copy number in HdIV genome. Our results also show that HdIV  rep  genes display different tissue specificity, and that they are primarily transcribed in  S. frugiperda  fat body and cuticular epithelium.    Conclusion  This work is the first quantitative analysis of transcription of the ichnovirus  rep  gene family, and the first investigation on a correlation between transcript levels and gene copy numbers in Ichnoviruses. Our data indicate that, despite similar gene copy numbers, not all the members of this gene family are significantly transcribed 24 hours after infection in lepidopteran larvae. Additionally, our data show that, as opposed to other described HdIV genes,  rep  genes are little transcribed in hemocytes, thus suggesting that they are not directly associated with the disruption of the immune response but rather involved in other physiological alterations of the infected lepidopteran larva.

Members of the Hyposoter didymator Ichnovirus repeat element gene family are differentially expressed in Spodoptera frugiperda