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Background   Beet necrotic yellow vein virus  (BNYVV) is the infectious agent of sugar beet rhizomania, which consists of four or five plus-sense RNAs. RNA4 of BNYVV is not essential for virus propagation in  Nicotiana benthamiana  but has a major effect on symptom expression. Early reports showed that RNA4-encoded P31 was associated with severe symptoms, such as curling and dwarfing, in  N. benthamiana .    Results  We discovered that the pathogenesis-related protein 10 (PR-10) gene can be up-regulated in BNYVV-infected  N. benthamiana  in the presence of RNA4 and that it had a close link with symptom development. Our frame-shift, deletion and substitution analysis showed that only the entire P31 could induce  PR-10  up-regulation during BNYVV infection and that all the tryptophans and six cysteines (C174, C183, C186, C190, C197 and C199) in the cysteine-rich P31 had significant effects on  PR-10  expression. However, P31 could not interact directly with PR-10 in yeast.    Conclusions  Our data demonstrated that only integrated P31 specifically induced  PR-10  transcription, which coincided closely with the appearance of severe symptoms in BNYVV-infected  N. benthamiana , although they could not interact directly with each other in yeast.

Infection of Beet necrotic yellow vein virus with RNA4-encoded P31 specifically up-regulates pathogenesis-related protein 10 in Nicotiana benthamiana