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Background Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) is a HEME regulator and plays a role in ameliorating HIV-1 infection. In particular, HO-1 inhibits Tat-dependent activation of HIV-1 LTR promoter inhibiting viral gene expression. This suggests that increasing HO-1 activity in HIV-infected cells can reverse Tat action which may contribute to AIDS prevention. However, the correlation between HO-1 and HIV-1 Tat has not been fully elucidated. In order to fully understand how increasing HO-1 activity reverses Tat action and result into the prevention of HIV infection, the mechanism behind the correlation between HIV-1 Tat and HO-1 should first be established.

Heme oxygenase-1 reverses HIV-1 Tat activity: prospects for AIDS prevention