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We enrolled 102 (72.3%) with HIV/HCV co-infection (Group 1) and 39 (27.7%) triply infected with HIV, HCV, and HTLV-1 (Group 2). We reviewed medical records of two groups of patients followed in two outpatients services in Salvador, Brazil. We collected and compared demographic, behavioral-related information, immunological, virological and histological parameters for HIV-1 and HCV infection. Results Demographics, virological and immunological characteristics were similar in the two groups; a higher proportion of triply infected patients (Group 2) reported any history of injection drug use (IDU) compared to dually infected (Group 1) patients (75% vs. 45.8%; p =0.003). No differences were seen between groups in HIV clinical outcomes (CD4 count and viral load). Alanine aminotransferase levels were significantly higher in HIV/ HCV co-infected patients (p =0.045). Liver fibrosis damage based on Metavir scores were similar between groups (0.97) but were worse with lower CD4 cell count (under 200cells/mm3) (p = 0.01). Conclusions HIV/HTLV-1 and HIV/HCV coinfections may worsen clinical related outcomes, but virological and immunological outcomes were similar in both groups. Hepatic measures were worse in patients with more severe immunosuppression.

The impact of HTLV-1 infection on clinical and immunological outcomes in patients coinfected with HIV and hepatitis C virus