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Background Murine leukemia viruses (MuLV) are classified into three groups by host tropism correlating with viral receptor sequences present in the surface protein of env. Ecotropic MuLV are found only in mice, xenotropic replicate in non-mouse cells, and polytropic in mouse and non-mouse hosts. Xenotropic MuLV-related viruses (XMRV) and polytropic MuLV have been found in humans and reported in different diseases, including prostate cancer and chronic fatigue syndrome. Classification of MuLV tropism is typically done using small portions of gag/pol, however, this may be complicated by viral recombination. Methods and results Eight eco/poly/xenotropic MulV complete genomes were selected from GenBank, plus an XMRV sequence. The dataset showed strong phylogenetic signal. By tropismgroup analysis using SimPlot software, XMRV was detected as a mosaic recombinant form of all three groups. Using more sensitive analyses, we found evidence of intertropic recombination, especially outside of env. Different procedures for recombination analysis (SimPlot/ TOPALi2), applied to the whole dataset independently from the tropism, inferred discordant break-points.

Murine leukemia viruses (MuLV) and Xenotropic MuLV-related viruses exhibit inter-tropic complex recombination patterns