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Results Therapeutic immunization by the IM route effectively induced recall responses able to reduce viremia by 0.9 log upon ART release in ~half of the animals. Long-term virus reduction (3–4 years follow-up) was observed in several vaccinated animals, while none of the controls survived, supporting the potency of the vaccine-induced recall responses. DNA delivery via EP induced significantly higher recall responses (up to 5% of SIV-specific T cells in blood). These responses appeared rapidly, were broad (all antigens) and robust in DNA vaccinated animals but not in controls. Vaccination led to the induction of SIV-specific CD4+ and CD8+ T cells with EM and CM phenotype & polyfunctional cells. Cellular immune responses were found both in blood and in BAL, indicating induction of recall responses also at mucosal sites. Repeated vaccination by 2nd round of therapeutic vaccination showed a persistent virological benefit with additional >1 log10 reduction in viremia after release from ART.

P18-09. Persistent virological benefit in SIV-infected macaques upon therapeutic vaccination upon vaccination with DNA vectors