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Results The CD4+ T cells produced IFN-y and MIP-1a in response to gp120. Also detected were RANTES and MIP-1a, but not MDC (CCL22). The b-chemokines displayed potent inhibitory activities against R5-tropic HIV-1. After the cells were exposed to BX08 (an R5 subtype B HIV-1 primary isolate), the capacity of these cells to produce IFN-y and MIP-1a in response to gp120 was initially comparable with that of the unexposed control. But after 3–4 days of infection, the numbers of cells capable of producing IFNy and MIP-1a decreased significantly, while the percentage of infected cells reached >80%. Conclusion HIV-specific CD4+ T cells are susceptible to HIV. HIV reduces the capacity of the cells to produce IFN-y and bchemokines. On-going efforts to enhance HIV-specific CD4+ T cell resistance against the virus will be presented. from 2006 International Meeting of The Institute of Human Virology Baltimore, USA. 17–21 November, 2006

Effect of HIV on production of anti-viral factors by HIV-specific CD4+ T cells