English (United Kingdom)

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/featured_content/oa?rat=en

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/highlighted_journal/

Global: Zendy Plus annual

Presents the access of premium content as premium feature

Premium Content

Presents the keyphrase highlighting as premium feature

Keyphrase Highlighting

Presents the summarisation as premium feature

Summarisation

Insights

Presents the pdf analysis as premium feature

PDF Analysis

Presents the zaia usage as premium feature

ZAIA

Global: Zendy Tools annual

Global: Zendy Free Plan

Global: Zendy Tools monthly

Global: Zendy Plus monthly

Background  All human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1) uses a host tRNA Lys,3  as the primer for reverse transcription. The tRNA Lys,3  is bound to a region on the HIV-1 genome, the primer-binding site (PBS), that is complementary to the 18 terminal nucleotides of tRNA Lys,3 . How HIV-1 selects the tRNA from the intracellular milieu is unresolved.    Results  HIV-1 tRNA primer selection has been investigated using viruses in which the primer-binding site (PBS) and a sequence within U5 were altered so as to be complementary to tRNA Met , tRNA Pro  or tRNA Ile . Analysis of the replication of these viruses in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) revealed preferences for the selection of certain tRNAs. HIV-1 with the PBS altered to be complementary to tRNA Met , with and without the additional mutation in U5 to be complementary to the anticodon of tRNA Met , stably maintains the PBS complementary to tRNA Met  following extended  in vitro  culture in PBMC. In contrast, viruses with either the PBS or PBS and U5 mutated to be complementary to tRNA Ile  were unstable during  in vitro  replication in PBMC and reverted to utilize tRNA Lys,3 . Viruses with the PBS altered to be complementary to tRNA Pro  replicated in PBMC but reverted to use tRNA Lys,3 ; viruses with mutations in both the U5 and PBS complementary to tRNA Pro  maintained this PBS, yet replicated poorly in PBMC.    Conclusion  The results of these studies demonstrate that HIV-1 has preferences for selection of certain tRNAs for high-level replication in PBMC.

Preferences for the selection of unique tRNA primers revealed from analysis of HIV-1 replication in peripheral blood mononuclear cells