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The majority of HTLV-1 infected individuals remain asymptomatic (HAC) throughout life, and the risk factors associated to the development of related diseases, such as HAM/TSP and ATL, are not fully understood. The human leukocyte antigen-G (HLA-G) is expressed in several pathological conditions and it has been associated to immunosuppressive effects allowing the virusinfected cells to escape of the host antiviral defense. Here, we evaluated the correlation between HLA-G polymorphisms in symptomatic and asymptomatic HTLV-1 infected individuals. Four polymorphisms of the exon 8 of the HLA-G gene were analysed by gene sequencing in HAC (n=48) and HAM/TSP patients (n=43). No difference was found between the groups for 3035C/T, 3187A/G and 3196C/G polymorphisms. On the other hand, despite of the absence of statistical significance, HAC group showed higher frequency of the 3142GG genotype (responsible for decreased transcription of theHLA-G) compared to HAM/TSP group (p=0,0607). Still, HAC group showed lower frequency of the 3142CC genotype (responsible for increased transcription of the HLA-G) compared to HAM/TSP group (p=0,0762). Furthermore, HAC group showed statistically higher frequency of the 3142G allele and lower frequency of the 3142C allele compared to HAM/TSP group (p=0,0244). In conclusion, HTLV-1-related symptoms in HAM/TSP group could be partially determined by higher expression of HLA-G (caused by higher frequency of the 3142C allele). We hypothesise that the higher expression of HLA-G protects the HTLV-1 infected cell against immune system attack the increasing proviral load and trigger the HAM/TSP symptoms. Financial support FUNDHERP, FAPESP and CNPq.

HLA-G 3142C/G polymorphism is related to development of symptoms in HTLV-1 infected individuals