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Background The Human Immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) protease (PR) and reverse transcriptase (RT) are key enzymes in viral replication and major target of Antiretroviral (ARV) therapy. The mechanisms of resistance mainly involve mutations altering the interaction of viral enzymes and inhibitors. Recent studies reveal that, besides the enzymes-encoding ones, other regions might contribute to the development of resistance. In particular, some specific cleavage and non-cleavage site mutations in Gag increase the replication ability of mutant viruses. The effect of amino acid substitutions in different domains of Gag selected in vivo on viral replication, remains to be elucidated. In attempt to clarify this aspect, we analyzed clinical samples of HIV-1 infected patients failing PR Inhibitor (PI) and RT Inhibitor (RTI) treatment among a cohort of five infectious diseases units located in Veneto in northeastern Italy.

Dissecting the contribution of Gag domain in resistance development in HIV-1 patients failing ARV therapy