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Background  The transcription factor SRF (serum response factor) mediates neuronal survival  in vitro . However, data available so far suggest that SRF is largely dispensable for neuron survival during physiological brain function.    Findings  Here, we demonstrate that upon neuronal injury, that is facial nerve transection, constitutively-active SRF-VP16 enhances motorneuron survival. SRF-VP16 suppressed active caspase 3 abundance  in vitro  and enhanced neuron survival upon camptothecin induced apoptosis. Following nerve fiber injury  in vitro , SRF-VP16 improved survival of neurons and re-growth of severed neurites. Further, SRF-VP16 enhanced immune responses (that is microglia and T cell activation) associated with neuronal injury  in vivo.  Genome-wide transcriptomics identified target genes associated with axonal injury and modulated by SRF-VP16.    Conclusion  In sum, this is a first report describing a neuronal injury-related survival function for SRF.

Serum response factor modulates neuron survival during peripheral axon injury