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Background Chronic heart failure (CHF) is the leading hospital discharge diagnosis in patients over age 65 [1]. Emerging techniques in cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) have resulted in unique opportunity for improvement of non-invasive assessment of the physiologic and anatomic effects of CHF. We have previously demonstrated the accuracy and feasibility of V̇O2 max measurements in the MRI environment using a modified metabolic cart [2]. Additionally, V̇O2 measures acquired within the MRI have been reported [3]. Existing methods describe non-invasive MRI measurement of whole body oxygen consumption via T2 imaging [4]. The Fick principle states V̇O2 = CO × (A-V)O2; where V̇O2 is oxygen consumption, CO is cardiac output, and (A-V)O2 is arteriovenous oxygen difference. Current modifications required for metabolic cart measures of oxygen consumption in the MRI environment present clinical challenges in widespread application. Using the Fick principle we sought to quantify and compare non-invasive MRI derived V̇O2 (MRI-V̇O2) quantification with metabolic cart measures of V̇O2 .

Simultaneous VO2 and cardiac output measurement to estimate oxygen extraction (a-v)O2