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Background Turbulent blood flow is a cause of energy loss in the cardiovascular system, and can thus be seen as a measure of flow inefficiency. Novel 4D flow CMR methods permit estimation of intracardiac turbulent kinetic energy (TKE). On the basis of the Reynolds number, one might expect that larger left ventricular (LV) size would promote higher TKE values, and thus lower flow efficiency. In this study, we hypothesized that the TKE of diastolic inflow would be larger in the dilated LVs of heart failure patients compared to normal LVs.

Turbulent kinetic energy from CMR identifies disturbed diastolic flow in myopathic left ventricles