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Summary We applied T2 mapping in 72 volunteers compared to 15 patients with myocardial edema. T2 of myocardial edema was 70 ms, whereas normal myocardium had a T2 of 55ms. However, female volunteers showed a wider range of myocardial T2 with overlap into values consid- ered abnormal. Background T2-mapping has been proposed to overcome limitations of T2-weighted imaging of myocardial edema. We applied T2-mapping in normal volunteers to reveal the inter- and intra-individual homogeneity of myocardial T2 and to compare it to patients with myocardial edema. Results We excluded 4 volunteers due to obvious pathologies. In patients myocardial edema had a T2 of 71±4 ms (p<0.001 compared to volunteers). In volunteers map- ping based on FLASH resulted in lower T2-values than SSFP (52±4 vs. 55±5 ms; p< 0.001). T2 values were independent from heart rate, age or body weight. Apical septal segments had higher values than basal lateral seg- ments in 4CV (64±8 vs. 55±5 ms for SSFP, p< 0.001). Women below 36 years had a 95% confidence interval of 43-86 ms based on SSFP mapping on 4CV images. Mean intraobserver variability was 0.8±0.9 ms (corre- lation coefficient r=0.99), mean interobserver variability was 1.6±1.8 ms (correlation coefficient r=0.98). Variabil- ity for repeated scans was 2.3±1.8 ms. Improved spatial resolution and the applied motion correction did not significantly change the T2-measurements (p=0.3). Conclusions T2 mapping is feasible with low intra- and interobserver variability. T2 of myocardial edema was 70 ms, whereas normal myocardium had a T2 of 55ms. However, female volunteers showed a wider range of myocardial T2 with overlap into values considered abnormal. This is most likely due to myocardial contamination with blood (T2 of about 180 ms). Motion correction and spatial resolu- tion needs to be improved before T2-mapping can widely be applied for exclusion of edema. Funding The scanner manufacturer provided a preliminary ver- sion of the mapping sequence based on the local

T2-mapping in normal volunteers compared to patients with edema reveals wide range of myocardial T2 in female volunteers