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Background In the setting of acute myocardial infarction (AMI), the aim of reperfusion and pharmacologic therapies is to salvage areas of ischemic, but reversibly injured myocardium within the area-at-risk (AAR). The current histopathologic reference standard requires administration of microspheres, destructive sectioning of the heart, the use of tissue stains, and digital photography to delineate the AAR, infarction, and to calculate salvage. We evaluated a newly developed CMR protocol that potentially provides non-destructive, high-resolution, ex-vivo assessment of the AAR simultaneous with infarction. Methods Four canines underwent 50-minute occlusion of the LAD coronary followed by reperfusion. Imaging was performed 5-days post-AMI. The main goal of the protocol was to create 3 distinct myocardial gadolinium concentrations delineating viable AAR, infarcted AAR and remote myocardium. This was achieved by (1) injecting gadolinium (0.3-0.4mmol/kg) in-vivo to differentially accumulate in infarction, (2) providing a wait time to allow washout of gadolinium from viable myocardium, (3) injecting another dose of gadolinium prior to sacrifice using the same process as if administering microspheres for determining the AAR by pathology. For validation purposes, microspheres (2-8μm, ThermoScientific) were mixed with gadolinium in this step. Finally, (4) the heart was extracted and ex-vivo 3-dimensional-delayed-enhancement-CMR imaging was performed. The heart was sectioned into short-axis slices and photographed under UV-light to delineate the AAR (absence of microspheres) and after staining with triphenyltetrazoliumchloride to delineate infarction. Histopathology and ex-vivo-CMR images were analyzed by 2 blinded observers.

journal of cardiovascular magnetic resonance

A new CMR protocol for non-destructive, high resolution, ex-vivo assessment of the area at risk simultaneous with infarction: validation with histopathology