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Background  In head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), expression levels of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) correlate with poor prognosis and decreased survival rates. As the mechanisms responsible for cellular immune response to EGFR  in vivo  remain unclear, the frequency and function of EGFR-specific cytotoxic T cells (CTL) was determined in HNSCC patients.    Methods  The frequency of CTL specific for the HLA-A2.1-restricted EGFR-derived YLN peptide (YLNTVQPTCV) and KLF peptide (KLFGTSGQKT) was determined in 16 HLA-A2.1 +  HNSCC patients and 16 healthy HLA-A2.1 +  individuals (NC) by multicolor flow cytometry. Patients' results were correlated to EGFR expression obtained by immunohistochemistry in corresponding tumor sections. Proliferation and anti-tumor activity of peptide-specific CTL was demonstrated by  in vitro  stimulation with dendritic cells pulsed with the peptides.    Results  Frequency of EGFR-specific CTL correlated significantly with EGFR expression in tumor sections (p = 0.02, r 2  = 0.6). Patients with elevated EGFR scores (> 7) had a significantly higher frequency of EGFR-specific CTL than NC and patients with low EGFR scores (< 7). EGFR-specific CTL from cancer patients were expanded  ex vivo  and produced IFN-γ upon recognition of EGFR +  target cells.    Conclusion  EGFR expressed on HNSCC cells induces a specific immune response  in vivo.  Strategies for expansion of EGFR-specific CTL may be important for future immunotherapy of HNSCC patients.

EGFR-specific T cell frequencies correlate with EGFR expression in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma