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Background  Primary cutaneous lymphomas (CLs), characterized by an accumulation of clonal T or B lymphocytes preferentially localized in the skin, have been successfully treated with interferons (IFNs) which counterbalance the Th2-immunosuppressive state associated with this pathology. In a phase I/II clinical trial, we correlated the local immune infiltrate and the anti-tumor effects of repeated intralesional administrations of an adenovirus vector expressing human interferon-gamma (IFN-g) termed TG1042, in patients with advanced primary cutaneous T-cell lymphomas (CTCL) or multilesional cutaneous B-cell lymphomas (CBCL).    Methods  For each patient, variation in time of specific lymphocyte populations, defined by immunohistochemical stainings, was assessed in biopsies of injected lesions. For each patient, the change in local immune response was associated with the patient’s objective response at the end of the study.    Results  Immunohistochemical analyses of biopsies indicate that infiltration of CD8 +  T lymphocytes and of TIA-1 +  cytotoxic T-cells in lesions injected with TG1042 correlates with clinical benefit.    Conclusions  These data suggest for the first time that a CD8 +  cytotoxic infiltrate, induced by local expression of IFN-g correlates with a clinical response.    Trial registration  The phase I step (TG1042.01) does not have a registration number. The phase II step (TG1042.06) registration number was  NCT00394693 .

Lymphocytic infiltration in the cutaneous lymphoma microenvironment after injection of TG1042