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Background  We previously demonstrated embryotrophic actions of maternal (oocyte-derived) follistatin during bovine early embryogenesis. Classical actions of follistatin are attributed to inhibition of activity of growth factors including activins and bone morphogenetic proteins (BMP). However, temporal changes in BMP mRNA in early bovine embryos and the effects of exogenous BMP on embryo developmental progression are not understood. The objectives of present studies were to characterize mRNA abundance for select BMP, BMP receptors and BMP receptor associated SMADs during bovine oocyte maturation and early embryogenesis and determine effects of addition of exogenous BMP protein on early development.    Methods  Relative abundance of mRNA for  BMP2 ,  BMP3 ,  BMP7 ,  BMP10 ,  SMAD 1,  SMAD5 ,  ALK3 ,  ALK6 ,  ALK2 ,  BMPR2 ,  ACVR2A  and  ACVR2B  was determined by RT-qPCR analysis of germinal vesicle (GV) and in vitro matured metaphase II (MII) oocytes and in vitro produced embryos collected at pronuclear, 2-cell (C), 4C, 8C, 16C, morula and blastocyst stages. Effects of addition of recombinant human BMP2 (0, 1, 10 and 100 ng/ml) during initial 72 h of embryo culture on early cleavage (within 30 h post insemination), total cleavage, development to 8C-16C and blastocyst stages and blastocyst mRNA abundance for markers of inner cell mass ( NANOG ) and trophectoderm ( CDX2 ) were also determined.    Results  Abundance of mRNA for  BMP2 ,  BMP10 ,  SMAD1 ,  SMAD5 ,  ALK3 ,  ALK2 ,  BMPR2  and  ACVR2B  was elevated in MII oocytes and/or pronuclear stage embryos (relative to GV) and remained elevated through the 8C -16C stages, whereas  BMP3 ,  BMP7  and  ALK2  mRNAs were transiently elevated. Culture of embryos to the 8C stage in the presence of α-amanitin resulted in increased abundance for all of above transcripts examined relative to untreated 8C embryos. Effects of addition of exogenous BMP2 on early cleavage rates and rates of development to 8C-16C and blastocyst stages were not observed, but BMP2 treatment increased blastocyst mRNA for  CDX2  and  NANOG .    Conclusions  Abundance of maternally derived mRNAs for above BMP system components are dynamically regulated during oocyte maturation and early embryogenesis. Exogenous BMP2 treatment does not influence progression to various developmental endpoints, but impacts characteristics of resulting blastocysts. Results support a potential role for BMPs in bovine early embryogenesis.

reproductive biology and endocrinology

Temporal regulation of mRNAs for select bone morphogenetic proteins (BMP), BMP receptors and their associated SMAD proteins during bovine early embryonic development: effects of exogenous BMP2 on embryo developmental progression