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Background  Interest in translational studies aimed at investigating biologic markers in predicting response to primary chemotherapy (PCT) in breast cancer has progressively increased. We conducted a pilot study to evaluate feasibility of evaluating biomarkers of response to PCT at one & 21 days after first cycle.    Methods  Adult, non-pregnant, non-lactating women with histologically confirmed infiltrating duct carcinoma underwent serial core biopsies after first cycle of PCT and these were scored for  Ki -67,  Bcl -2 and  Caspase -3 using immunohistochemistry.    Results  We recruited 30 patients with a mean age of 51 years. We were successful 95.6% times in performing a core biopsy and of these 84.6% had adequate tissue in the cores harvested. After a mean of 4 cycles of PCT, 26 patients underwent surgery and good response was noted in 9 patients (30%) using Miller-Payne criteria. There was a trend noted in all markers, which appeared different in those with good response and poor response. Good responders had significantly higher  Ki-67  and significantly lower  Bcl -2 at baseline and a significant decrease in  Ki-67  and  Caspase-3  at 21 days after the first chemotherapy.    Conclusion  We report a detectable change in biomarkers as early as 24–48 hours after the first chemotherapy along with a definite trend in change that can possibly be used to predict response to chemotherapy in an individual patient. The statistical significance and clinical utility of such changes needs to be evaluated and confirmed in larger trials.

world journal of surgical oncology

A pilot study to assess the feasibility of evaluation of markers of response to chemotherapy at one day &amp; 21 days after first cycle of chemotherapy in carcinoma of breast: a prospective non-randomized observational study