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Background  Proteomic analysis was performed in post-nuclear supernatant (PNS) and Percoll-purified membranes (PM) prepared from fore brain cortex of rats exposed to increasing doses of morphine (10–50 mg/kg) for 10 days.    Results  In PNS, the 10 up (↑)- or down (↓)-regulated proteins exhibiting the  largest morphine-induced change  were selected, excised manually from the gel and identified by MALDI-TOF MS/MS:  1 -(gi|148747414, Guanine deaminase), ↑2.5×;  2 -(gi|17105370, Vacuolar-type proton ATP subunit B, brain isoform), ↑2.6×;  3 -(gi|1352384, Protein disulfide-isomerase A3), ↑3.4×;  4 -(gi|40254595, Dihydropyrimidinase-related protein 2), ↑3.6×;  5 -(gi|149054470, N-ethylmaleimide sensitive fusion protein, isoform CRAa), ↑2.0×;  6 -(gi|42476181, Malate dehydrogenase, mitochondrial precursor), ↑1.4×;  7 -(gi|62653546, Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase), ↑1.6×;  8 -(gi|202837, Aldolase A), ↑1.3×;  9 -(gi|31542401, Creatine kinase B-type), ↓0.86×;  10 -(gi|40538860, Aconitate hydratase, mitochondrial precursor), ↑1.3×. The identified proteins were of cytoplasmic ( 1, 4, 5, 7, 9 ), cell membrane ( 2 ), endoplasmic reticulum ( 3 ) and mitochondrial ( 6, 8, 10 ) origin and 9 of them were significantly increased, 1.3-3.6×. The 4 out of 9 up-regulated proteins ( 4, 6, 7, 10 ) were described as functionally related to oxidative stress; the 2 proteins participate in genesis of apoptotic cell death.  In PM, the 18 up (↑)- or down (↓)-regulated proteins were identified by LC-MS/MS and were of  plasma membrane  [Brain acid soluble protein, ↓2.1×; trimeric Gβ subunit, ↓2.0x],  myelin membrane  [MBP, ↓2.5×],  cytoplasmic  [Internexin, ↑5.2×; DPYL2, ↑4.9×; Ubiquitin hydrolase, ↓2.0×; 60S ribosomal protein, ↑2.7×; KCRB, ↓2.6×; Sirtuin-2, ↑2.5×; Peroxiredoxin-2, ↑2.2×; Septin-11, ↑2.2×; TERA, ↑2.1×; SYUA, ↑2.0×; Coronin-1A, ↓5.4×] and  mitochondrial  [Glutamate dehydrogenase 1, ↑2.7×; SCOT1, ↑2.2×; Prohibitin, ↑2.2×; Aspartate aminotransferase ,  ↓2.2×] origin. Surprisingly, the immunoblot analysis of the same PM resolved by 2D-ELFO indicated that the “active”, morphine-induced pool of Gβ subunits represented just a minor fraction of the total signal of Gβ which was decreased 1.2x only. The dominant signal of Gβ was unchanged.    Conclusion  Brain cortex of rats exposed to increasing doses of morphine is far from being adapted. Significant up-regulation of proteins functionally related to oxidative stress and apoptosis suggests a major change of energy metabolism resulting in the state of severe brain cell “discomfort” or even death.

proteome science

Proteomic analysis of post-nuclear supernatant fraction and percoll-purified membranes prepared from brain cortex of rats exposed to increasing doses of morphine