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Studies have shown that CpG oligodeoxyribonucleotides (ODN) protect mice from various bacterial pathogens, including  Burkholderia pseudomallei  and  Francisella tularensis  live vaccine strain (LVS), when administered before parenteral challenge. Given the potential to develop CpG ODN as a pre-treatment for multiple bacterial biological warfare agents, we examined survival, histopathology, and cytokine data from CpG ODN-treated C57BL/6 mice to determine whether previously-reported protection extended to aerosolized  B. pseudomallei  1026b and highly virulent  F. tularensis  Schu S4 infections. We found that, although CpG ODN protected mice from aerosolized  B. pseudomallei  challenges, the immunostimulant failed to benefit the animals exposed to  F. tularensis Schu S4  aerosols. Our results, which contrast with earlier  F. tularensis  LVS studies, highlight potential differences in  Francisella  species pathogenesis and underscore the need to evaluate immunotherapies against human pathogenic species.

CpG oligodeoxyribonucleotides protect mice from Burkholderia pseudomallei but not Francisella tularensis Schu S4 aerosols