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Background  To date, the influence of milk and dairy products on carcinogenesis remains controversial. However, lipids of ruminant origin such as conjugated linoleic acids (CLA) are known to exhibit beneficial effects  in vitro  and  in vivo . The aim of the present study was to determine the influence of milk lipids of different origin and varying quality presenting as free fatty acid (FFA) solutions on cellular fatty acid distribution, cellular viability, and growth of human colon adenocarcinoma cells (HT-29).    Methods  FAME of conventional and Alpine milk lipids (ML con , ML alp ) and cells treated with FFA derivatives of milk lipids were analyzed by means of GC-FID and Ag + -HPLC. Cellular viability and growth of the cells were determined by means of CellTiter-Blue ® -assay and DAPI-assay (4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole dihydrochloride), respectively.    Results  Supplementation with milk lipids significantly decreased viability and growth of HT-29 cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner. ML alp  showed a lower SFA/MUFA ratio, a 8 fold increased CLA content, and different CLA profile compared to ML con  but did not demonstrate additional growth-inhibitory effects. In addition, total concentration and fatty acid distribution of cellular lipids were altered. In particular, treatment of the cells yielded highest amounts of two types of milk specific major fatty acids (μg FA/mg cellular protein) after 8 h of incubation compared to 24 h; 200 μM of ML con  (C16:0, 206 ± 43), 200 μM of ML alp  (C18:1  c 9, (223 ± 19). Vaccenic acid (C18:1  t 11) contained in milk lipids was converted to  c 9, t 11-CLA in HT-29 cells. Notably, the ratio of  t 11, c 13-CLA/ t 7, c 9-CLA, a criterion for pasture feeding of the cows, was significantly changed after incubation for 8 h with lipids from ML alp  (3.6 - 4.8), compared to lipids from ML con  (0.3 - 0.6).    Conclusions  Natural lipids from conventional and Alpine milk showed similar growth inhibitory effects. However, different changes in cellular lipid composition suggested a milk lipid-depending influence on cell sensitivity. It is expected that similar changes may also be evident in other cell lines. To our knowledge, this is the first study showing a varied impact of complex milk lipids on fatty acid distribution in a colon cancer cell line.

Influence of in vitro supplementation with lipids from conventional and Alpine milk on fatty acid distribution and cell growth of HT-29 cells