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Background  MiRNAs play important roles in diverse biological processes including tumorigenesis. However, little is known about the function and mechanism of miR-451 in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC).    Methods  Quantitative RT-PCR was used to quantify miR-451 expression in NPC cell lines and clinical tissues. Kaplan-Meier curves were used to estimate the association between miR-451 expression and survival. The MTT, colony formation, Transwell migration and invasion assays, and a xenograft model were performed. A miR-451 target was confirmed using luciferase reporter assays, quantitative RT-PCR, and Western blotting.    Results  MiR-451 was significantly downregulated in NPC cell lines and clinical tissues ( P  < 0.01). Patients with low expression of miR-451 had poorer overall survival (HR, 1.98; 95% CI, 1.16-3.34;  P  = 0.01) and disease-free survival (HR, 1.68; 95% CI, 1.07-2.62;  P  = 0.02) than patients with high expression. MiR-451 was an independent prognostic factor in NPC in multivariate Cox regression analysis. Ectopic expression of miR-451 suppressed cell viability, colony formation, and cell migration and invasion in vitro, and inhibited xenograft tumor growth in vivo.  MIF  was verified as a direct target of miR-451, and MIF regulated NPC cell growth and invasion.    Conclusions  The newly identified miR-451/ MIF  pathway provides insight into NPC initiation and progression, and may represent a novel therapeutic target.

MiR-451 inhibits cell growth and invasion by targeting MIF and is associated with survival in nasopharyngeal carcinoma