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Background  An antiviral drug is needed for the treatment of patients suffering from yellow fever. Several compounds present in plants can inactive  in vitro  a wide spectrum of animal viruses.    Aim  In the present study the inhibitory effect of essential oils of  Lippia alba, Lippia origanoides, Oreganum vulgare  and  Artemisia vulgaris  on yellow fever virus (YFV) replication was investigated.    Methods  The cytotoxicity (CC 50 ) on Vero cells was evaluated by the MTT reduction method. The minimum concentration of the essential oil that inhibited virus titer by more than 50% (MIC) was determined by virus yield reduction assay. YFV was incubated 24 h at 4°C with essential oil before adsorption on Vero cell, and viral replication was carried out in the absence or presence of essential oil. Vero cells were exposed to essential oil 24 h at 37°C before the adsorption of untreated-virus.    Results  The CC 50  values were less than 100 μg/mL and the MIC values were 3.7 and 11.1 μg/mL. The CC 50 /MIC ratio was of 22.9, 26.4, 26.5 and 8.8 for  L. alba, L origanoides, O. vulgare and A. vulgaris , respectively. The presence of essential oil in the culture medium enhances the antiviral effect:  L. origanoides  oil at 11.1 μg/mLproduced a 100% reduction of virus yield, and the same result was observed with  L. alba, O. vulgare  and  A. vulgaris  oils at100 μg/mL. No reduction of virus yield was observed when Vero cells were treated with essential oil before the adsorption of untreated-virus.    Conclusion  The essential oils evaluated in the study showed antiviral activities against YFV. The mode of action seems to be direct virus inactivation.

Inhibitory effect of essential oils obtained from plants grown in Colombia on yellow fever virus replication in vitro