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Background  Amoebiasis is a major public health problem in tropical and subtropical countries. Although a number of antiamoebic agents are used for its treatment, yet the susceptibility data on clinical isolates of  Entamoeba histolytica  and  Entamoeba dispar  are not available. Therefore, the present study was aimed to assess the in vitro susceptibility of clinical isolates of  E. histolytica  and  E. dispar  to metronidazole, chloroquine, emetine and tinidazole.    Methods  A total of 45 clinical isolates (15  E. histolytica  and 30  E. dispar ) were maintained in polyxenic cultures followed by monoxenic cultures. In vitro drug sensitivity (IC 50 ) of clinical isolates and standard reference strain of  E. histolytica  (HM1: IMSS) was assessed by nitro blue tetrazolium (NBT) reduction assay after exposure to various concentrations of each drug.    Results  The results showed that all clinical isolates had a higher IC 50  compared to reference strain to all the four drugs.  E. histolytica  isolates appeared to be more susceptible [IC 50  (μm) 13.2,26.3,31.2 and 12.4] compared to  E. dispar  isolates [IC 50 (μm) 15.6,28.9,32.8 and 13.2] and the reference strain of  E. histolytica  [IC 50  (μm) 9.5, 15.5, 29.9 and 10.2] to the metronidazole, chloroquine, emetine and tinidazole respectively.    Conclusions  The results indicate that till date,  Entamoeba  isolates in India do not seem to be resistant to the commonly used antiamoebic drugs.

In vitro activity of antiamoebic drugs against clinical isolates of Entamoeba histolytica and Entamoeba dispar.