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Background  Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are one of the most common bacterial infections with global expansion. These infections are predominantly caused by uropathogenic  Escherichia coli  (UPEC).    Methods  Totally, 123 strains of  Escherichia coli  isolated from UTIs patients, using bacterial culture method were subjected to polymerase chain reactions for detection of various O- serogroups, some urovirulence factors, antibiotic resistance genes and resistance to 13 different antibiotics.    Results  According to data, the distribution of O1, O2, O6, O7 and O16 serogroups were 2.43%, besides O22, O75 and O83 serogroups were 1.62%. Furthermore, the distribution of O4, O8, O15, O21 and O25 serogroups were 5.69%, 3.25%, 21.13%, 4.06% and 26.01%, respectively. Overall, the  fim  virulence gene had the highest (86.17%) while the  usp  virulence gene had the lowest distributions of virulence genes in UPEC strains isolated from UTIs patients. The  vat  and  sen  virulence genes were not detected in any UPEC strains. Totally,  aadA1  (52.84%), and  qnr  (46.34%) were the most prevalent antibiotic resistance genes while the distribution of  cat1  (15.44%),  cmlA  (15.44%) and  dfrA1  (21.95%) were the least. Resistance to penicillin (100%) and tetracycline (73.98%) had the highest while resistance to nitrofurantoin (5.69%) and trimethoprim (16.26%) had the lowest frequencies.    Conclusions  This study indicated that the UPEC strains which harbored the high numbers of virulence and antibiotic resistance genes had the high ability to cause diseases that are resistant to most antibiotics. In the current situation, it seems that the administration of penicillin and tetracycline for the treatment of UTIs is vain.

Uropathogenic Escherichia coli in Iran: Serogroup distributions, virulence factors and antimicrobial resistance properties