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Background  The Tigecycline Evaluation and Surveillance Trial (T.E.S.T.) is a global surveillance study of antimicrobial susceptibility. This study reports data from Gram-negative isolates collected from centers in Latin America between 2004 and 2010.    Methods  Consecutive bacterial isolates were tested at each center using broth microdilution methodology as described by the Clinical Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI). Susceptibility was determined using the CLSI interpretive criteria. For tigecycline the US Federal Drug Administration (FDA) criteria were used.    Results  A total of 16 232 isolates were analyzed. Susceptibility to imipenem, meropenem, and tigecycline was >95% against both non-extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) and ESBL producing  Escherichia coli . Susceptibility to amikacin was also >95% for non-ESBL  E. coli . 24.3% of  E. coli  were ESBL producers, ranging from 11.2% (58/519) in Colombia to 40.3% (31/77) in Honduras. Greater than 90% of non-ESBL  Klebsiella pneumoniae  were susceptible to tigecycline, carbapenems and amikacin. 35.3% of  K. pneumoniae  were ESBL producers, ranging from 17.2% (36/209) in Venezuela to 73.3% (55/75) in Honduras, with only imipenem and tigecycline maintaining >90% susceptibility. Greater than 90% of  Klebsiella oxytoca ,  Enterobacter  spp., and  Serratia marcescens  were susceptible to amikacin, carbapenems and tigecycline. The highest rates of susceptibility against  Acinetobacter baumannii  were seen for minocycline (89.4%) and imipenem (62.5%), while 95.8% of the  A. baumannii  isolates displayed an MIC ≤2 μg/mL for tigecycline.    Conclusions  In this study carbapenems and tigecycline remain active against Enterobacteriaceae and  A. baumannii ; however, there is cause for concern with carbapenem non-susceptible isolates reported in all countries included in this study.

Susceptibility of important Gram-negative pathogens to tigecycline and other antibiotics in Latin America between 2004 and 2010