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Background  10 - Hydroxy-2-decenoic acid, an unsaturated fatty acid is the most active and unique component to the royal jelly that has antimicrobial properties.  Streptococcus mutans  is associated with pathogenesis of oral cavity, gingivoperiodontal diseases and bacteremia following dental manipulations. In the oral cavity,  S. mutans  colonize the soft tissues including tongue, palate, and buccal mucosa. When considering the role of supragingival dental plaque in caries, the proportion of acid producing bacteria (particularly  S. mutans ), has direct relevance to the pathogenicity of the plaque. The genes that encode glucosyltransferases ( gtf s) especially  gtfB  and  gtfC  are important in  S. mutans  colonization and pathogenesis. This study investigated the hydroxy-decenoic acid (HDA) effects on  gtfB  and  gtfC  expression and  S. mutans  adherence to cells surfaces.    Methods   Streptococcus mutans  was treated by different concentrations of HPLC purified HDA supplied by Iran Beekeeping and Veterinary Association. Real time RT-PCR and western blot assays were conducted to evaluate  gtfB  and  gtfC  genes transcription and translation before and after HDA treatment. The bacterial attachment to the cell surfaces was evaluated microscopically.    Results  500 μg ml -1  of HDA inhibited  gtfB  and  gtfC  mRNA transcription and its expression. The same concentration of HDA decreased 60% the adherence of  S. mutans  to the surface of P19 cells.    Conclusion  Hydroxy-decenoic acid prevents  gtfB  and  gtfC  expression efficiently in the bactericide sub-concentrations and it could effectively reduce  S. mutans  adherence to the cell surfaces. In the future, therapeutic approaches to affecting  S. mutans  could be selective and it’s not necessary to put down the oral flora completely.

Hydroxy decenoic acid down regulates gtfB and gtfC expression and prevents Streptococcus mutans adherence to the cell surfaces