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Background  Larval mosquito habitats of potential malaria vectors and related species of  Anopheles  from three provinces (Gyeonggi, Gyeongsangbuk, Chungcheongbuk Provinces) of the Republic of Korea were surveyed in 2007. This study aimed to determine the species composition, seasonal occurrence and distributions of  Anopheles  mosquitoes. Satellite derived normalized difference vegetation index data (NDVI) was also used to study the seasonal abundance patterns of  Anopheles  mosquitoes.    Methods  Mosquito larvae from various habitats were collected using a standard larval dipper or a white plastic larval tray, placed in plastic bags, and were preserved in 100% ethyl alcohol for species identification by PCR and DNA sequencing. The habitats in the monthly larval surveys included artificial containers, ground depressions, irrigation ditches, drainage ditches, ground pools, ponds, rice paddies, stream margins, inlets and pools, swamps, and uncultivated fields. All field-collected specimens were identified to species, and relationships among habitats and locations based on species composition were determined using cluster statistical analysis.    Results  In about 10,000 specimens collected, eight species of  Anopheles  belonging to three groups were identified: Hyrcanus Group -  Anopheles sinensis ,  Anopheles kleini ,  Anopheles belenrae ,  Anopheles pullus ,  Anopheles lesteri ,  Anopheles sineroides ; Barbirostris Group -  Anopheles koreicus ; and Lindesayi Group -  Anopheles lindesayi japonicus . Only  An. sinensis  was collected from all habitats groups, while  An. kleini, An. pullus  and  An. sineroides  were sampled from all, except artificial containers. The highest number of  Anopheles  larvae was found in the rice paddies (34.8%), followed by irrigation ditches (23.4%), ponds (17.0%), and stream margins, inlets and pools (12.0%).  Anopheles sinensis  was the dominant species, followed by  An. kleini, An. pullus  and  An. sineroides . The monthly abundance data of the  Anopheles  species from three locations (Munsan, Jinbo and Hayang) were compared against NDVI and NDVI anomalies.    Conclusion  The species composition of  Anopheles  larvae varied in different habitats at various locations.  Anopheles  populations fluctuated with the seasonal dynamics of vegetation for 2007. Multi-year data of mosquito collections are required to provide a better characterization of the abundance of these insects from year to year, which can potentially provide predictive capability of their population density based on remotely sensed ecological measurements.

malaria journal

Species composition, larval habitats, seasonal occurrence and distribution of potential malaria vectors and associated species of Anopheles (Diptera: Culicidae) from the Republic of Korea