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Background  The  IL4 -590 gene polymorphism has been shown to be associated with elevated levels of anti- Plasmodium falciparum  IgG antibodies and parasite intensity in the malaria protected Fulani of West Africa. This study aimed to investigate the possible impact of  IL4 -590C/T polymorphism on anti- P. falciparum  IgG subclasses and IgE antibodies levels and the alteration of malaria severity in complicated and uncomplicated malaria patients with or without previous malaria experiences.    Methods  Anti- P.falciparum  IgG subclasses and IgE antibodies in plasma of complicated and uncomplicated malaria patients with or without previous malaria experiences were analysed using ELISA.  IL4 -590 polymorphisms were genotyped using RFLP-PCR. Statistical analyses of the IgG subclass levels were done by Oneway ANOVA. Genotype differences were tested by Chi-squared test.    Results  The  IL4 -590T allele was significantly associated with anti- P. falciparum  IgG3 antibody levels in patients with complicated ( P  = 0.031), but not with uncomplicated malaria ( P  = 0.622). Complicated malaria patients with previous malaria experiences carrying  IL4 -590TT genotype had significantly lower levels of anti- P. falciparum  IgG3 ( P  = 0.0156), while uncomplicated malaria patients with previous malaria experiences carrying the same genotype had significantly higher levels  (P  = 0.0206) compared to their  IL4 -590 counterparts. The different anti- P. falciparum  IgG1 and IgG3 levels among IL4 genotypes were observed. Complicated malaria patients with previous malaria experiences tended to have lower IgG3 levels in individuals carrying TT when compared to CT genotypes ( P  = 0.075). In contrast, complicated malaria patients without previous malaria experiences carrying CC genotype had significantly higher anti- P. falciparum  IgG1 than those carrying either CT or TT genotypes ( P  = 0.004,  P  = 0.002, respectively).    Conclusion  The results suggest that  IL4 -590C or T alleles participated differently in the regulation of anti-malarial antibody isotype profiles in primary and secondary malaria infection and, therefore, could play an important role in alteration of malaria severity.

malaria journal

IL4 gene polymorphism and previous malaria experiences manipulate anti-Plasmodium falciparum antibody isotype profiles in complicated and uncomplicated malaria