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Background  The diversity of genotyping markers of  Plasmodium falciparum  depends on transmission intensity. It has been reported that the diversity of the merozoite surface protein 2 ( msp2 ) is greater in areas of high compared to low endemicity, however, results for  msp1  were inconsistent. These previous reports relied on low resolution genotyping techniques.    Methods  In the present study, a high-resolution capillary electrophoresis-based technique was applied to genotype samples from areas of different endemicity in Papua New Guinea and Tanzania. For both endemic settings, the diversity of  msp1  and  msp2  was investigated; the mean multiplicity of infection (MOI) and the F ST  values were determined to investigate whether more accurate sizing generates different results.    Results and Conclusion  The results of the present study confirmed previous reports of a higher mean MOI for both marker genes and increased genetic diversity in areas of higher endemicity as estimated by the total number of distinct alleles for  msp2 . For  msp1  a minor increase in diversity was observed. Measures of between population variance in allele frequencies (F ST ) indicated little genetic differentiation for both marker genes between the two populations from different endemic settings. MOI adjusted for the probability of multiple infections sharing the same allele was estimated by using the  msp2  allele frequency distribution and the distribution of observed numbers of concurrent infections. For the high-resolution typing technique applied in this study, this adjustment made little difference to the estimated mean MOI compared to the observed mean MOI.

Comparison of Plasmodium falciparum allelic frequency distribution in different endemic settings by high-resolution genotyping