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Background  Duffy blood group polymorphisms are important in areas where  Plasmodium vivax  predominates, because this molecule acts as a receptor for this protozoan. In the present study, Duffy blood group genotyping in  P. vivax  malaria patients from four different Brazilian endemic areas is reported, exploring significant associations between blood group variants and susceptibility or resistance to malaria.    Methods  The  P. vivax  identification was determined by non-genotypic and genotypic screening tests. The Duffy blood group was genotyped by PCR/RFLP in 330 blood donors and 312 malaria patients from four Brazilian Amazon areas. In order to assess the variables significance and to obtain independence among the proportions, the Fisher's exact test was used.    Results  The data show a high frequency of the  FYA/FYB  genotype, followed by  FYB/FYB, FYA/FYA ,  FYA/FYB-33  and  FYB/FYB-33 . Low frequencies were detected for the  FYA/FY   X  ,  FYB/FY   X  ,  FYX/FY   X   and  FYB-33/FYB-33  genotypes. Negative Duffy genotype ( FYB-33/FYB-33 ) was found in both groups: individuals infected and non-infected (blood donors). No individual carried the  FY   X   /FYB-33  genotype. Some of the Duffy genotypes frequencies showed significant differences between donors and malaria patients.    Conclusion  The obtained data suggest that individuals with the  FYA/FYB  genotype have higher susceptibility to malaria. The presence of the  FYB-33  allele may be a selective advantage in the population, reducing the rate of infection by  P. vivax  in this region. Additional efforts may contribute to better elucidate the physiopathologic differences in this parasite/host relationship in regions endemic for  P. vivax  malaria, in particular the Brazilian Amazon region.

Duffy blood group gene polymorphisms among malaria vivax patients in four areas of the Brazilian Amazon region