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Background   Plasmodium falciparum  drug resistance represents a major health problem in malaria endemic countries. The mechanisms of resistance are not fully elucidated. Recently, an association between putative transporter gene polymorphisms and in vitro response to chloroquine (CQ) and quinine has been reported in culture-adapted, cloned isolates from various geographical origins. However, this was not confirmed in another study performed on isolates from a defined region in Thailand.    Methods  This study tried to find an association between putative transporters gene polymorphisms with in vitro response to CQ and  pfcrt  genotype in isolates originating from various African countries. To avoid biases of parasites adaptation in culture, fresh isolates obtained from symptomatic, malaria-infected travellers returning from Africa to France were used. Monoclonal isolates included in the study were selected using a  msp-2  fragment analysis method. In vitro susceptibility to CQ, single nucleotide polymorphisms and microsatellite polymorphisms in  pfcrt ,  pfmdr1  and six putative transporter genes were established in 27 isolates and three reference strains.    Results  Polymorphism of  pfcrt  at positions 76 and 220 showed a significant association with in vitro chloroquine resistance ( P  < .02 and  P  < .05 respectively). Polymorphism of  pfmdr1  at position 86 showed an equally significant association with in vitro chloroquine response ( P  < .05). No association was found between SNPs or microsatellite polymorphisms of putative transporter genes and in vitro CQR or  pfcrt  genotype in imported malaria isolates from Africa.    Conclusion  The previously described association between putative transporter gene polymorphisms and in vitro response to chloroquine (CQ) was not confirmed in the present study.

malaria journal

Lack of association between putative transporter gene polymorphisms in Plasmodium falciparum and chloroquine resistance in imported malaria isolates from Africa