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Background Vaccination against liver stage malaria antigens can induce T cell-mediated immunity to the disease [1]. A viral vector vaccination regime undergoing Phase 2b clinical testing uses chimpanzee adenovirus 63 (ChAd63) and Modified Vaccinia virus Ankara (MVA) encoding liver stage antigen Thrombospondin-Related Adhesion Protein (TRAP) fused to a malaria multi-epitope string (ME). This regime induces high frequencies of antigen-specific T cells, providing 21% sterile protection and a delay to patent parasitaemia in a further 36% of vaccinees, following controlled human Plasmodium falciparum malaria infection (CHMI). Monofunctional IFNg-producing CD8 T cells correlate with vaccine-induced protection but the associated protective mechanisms remain unidentified [2]. Developing standardized immunological and functional assays is a research-specific aim of the WHO’s Malaria Vaccine Technology Roadmap, with emphasis on novel immunoassays for investigation of cellular products reflecting cellmediated malaria immunity [3]. Development of an in vitro parasite killing assay is underway, which quantifies cell-mediated killing of Plasmodium-infected human hepatocytes and investigates the underlying functional mechanisms. Additionally, the assay aims to compliment in vivo CHMI studies.

malaria journal

Development of an in vitro Plasmodium parasite killing assay for the evaluation of cell-mediated immune responses following vaccination with pre-erythrocytic malaria vaccine candidates