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Background  The  msp-7  gene has become differentially expanded in the  Plasmodium  genus;  Plasmodium vivax  has the highest copy number of this gene, several of which encode antigenic proteins in merozoites.    Methods  DNA sequences from thirty-six Colombian clinical isolates from  P. vivax  ( pv )  msp-7E , − 7F  and  -7L  genes were analysed for characterizing and studying the genetic diversity of these  pvmsp-7  members which are expressed during the intra-erythrocyte stage; natural selection signals producing the variation pattern so observed were evaluated.    Results  The  pvmsp-7E  gene was highly polymorphic compared to  pvmsp-7F  and  pvmsp-7L  which were seen to have limited genetic diversity;  pvmsp-7E  polymorphism was seen to have been maintained by different types of positive selection. Even though these copies seemed to be species-specific duplications, a search in the  Plasmodium cynomolgi  genome ( P. vivax  sister taxon) showed that both species shared the whole  msp-7  repertoire. This led to exploring the long-term effect of natural selection by comparing the orthologous sequences which led to finding signatures for lineage-specific positive selection.    Conclusions  The results confirmed that the  P. vivax msp-7  family has a heterogeneous genetic diversity pattern; some members are highly conserved whilst others are highly diverse. The results suggested that the 3′-end of these genes encode MSP-7 proteins’ functional region whilst the central region of  pvmsp-7E  has evolved rapidly. The lineage-specific positive selection signals found suggested that mutations occurring in  msp-7s  genes during host switch may have succeeded in adapting the ancestral  P. vivax  parasite population to humans.    Electronic supplementary material  The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/1475-2875-13-495) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

Heterogeneous genetic diversity pattern in Plasmodium vivax genes encoding merozoite surface proteins (MSP) -7E, −7F and -7L