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Background  The emergence of  Plasmodium falciparum  resistance to artemisinin and its derivatives, manifested as delayed parasite clearance following the treatment, has developed in Southeast Asia. The spread of resistance to artemisinin from Asia to Africa may be catastrophic for malaria control and elimination worldwide. Recently, mutations in the propeller domain of the  Kelch 13  ( k13 ) gene ( PF3D71343700)  were associated with  in vitro  resistance to artemisinin and with delayed clearance after artemisinin treatment in southern Asia. The aim of the study was to characterize the genetic variability of  k13  and to evaluate the molecular resistance to artemisinin for the first time in Senegal.    Methods   Plasmodium falciparum  isolates were collected from 138 malaria patients in Dakar and its districts during the rainy season of October 2012 to January 2013 at the Hôpital Principal de Dakar. The  k13  gene was amplified using nested PCR and sequenced.    Results  A very limited variability within the  k13  gene in Senegalese  P. falciparum  isolates was identified. No polymorphism was detected in the six  k13 -propeller blades. Only two mutations, T149S (6.3%) and K189T (42.2%), and one (N) or two (NN) asparagine insertion at the codon 142 (4.7 and 6.3%, respectively) were detected in the  Plasmodium /Apicomplexa-specific domain. None of the polymorphisms associated with artemisinin resistance in Southeast Asia was detected in the 138  P. falciparum  from Dakar.    Discussion  The present data do not suggest widespread artemisinin resistance in Dakar in 2012–2013. Notably, the C580Y, R539T or Y493H substitutions that were associated with  in vitro  resistance or delayed parasite clearance in Southeast Asia were not observed in Dakar, nor were any of the polymorphisms observed in parasites from Southeast Asia, nor the M476I mutation that was selected  in vitro  with artemisinin pressure in a African parasite line.

Limited polymorphisms in k13 gene in Plasmodium falciparum isolates from Dakar, Senegal in 2012–2013