English (United Kingdom)

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/featured_content/oa?rat=en

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/highlighted_journal/

Global: Zendy Plus annual

Presents the access of premium content as premium feature

Premium Content

Presents the keyphrase highlighting as premium feature

Keyphrase Highlighting

Presents the summarisation as premium feature

Summarisation

Insights

Presents the pdf analysis as premium feature

PDF Analysis

Presents the zaia usage as premium feature

ZAIA

Global: Zendy Tools annual

Global: Zendy Free Plan

Global: Zendy Tools monthly

Global: Zendy Plus monthly

Background  The decline in efficacy of artesunate (AS) and mefloquine (MQ) is now the major concern in areas along the Thai-Cambodian and Thai-Myanmar borders.    Methods  The correlation between polymorphisms of  pfatp6 ,  pfcrt, pfmdr1  and  pfmrp1  genes and  in vitro  sensitivity of  Plasmodium falciparum  isolates to the artemisinin-based combination therapy (ACT) components AS and MQ, including the previously used first-line anti-malarial drugs chloroquine (CQ) and quinine (QN) were investigated in a total of 119  P. falciparum  isolates collected from patients with uncomplicated  P. falciparum  infection during 2006–2009.    Results  Reduced  in vitro  parasite sensitivity to AS [median (95% CI) IC 50  3.4 (3.1-3.7) nM] was found in 42% of the isolates, whereas resistance to MQ [median (95% CI) IC 50  54.1 (46.8-61.4) nM] accounted for 58% of the isolates. Amplification of  pfmdr1  gene was strongly associated with a decline in susceptibility of  P. falciparum  isolates to AS, MQ and QN. Significant difference in IC 50  values of AS, MQ and QN was observed among isolates carrying one, two, three, and ≥ four gene copies [median (95% CI) AS IC 50 : 1.6 (1.3-1.9), 1.8 (1.1-2.5), 2.9 (2.1-3.7) and 3.1 (2.5-3.7) nM, respectively; MQ IC 50 : 19.2 (15.8-22.6), 37.8 (10.7-64.8), 55.3 (47.7-62.9) and 63.6 (49.2-78.0) nM, respectively; and QN IC 50 : 183.0 (139.9-226.4), 256.4 (83.7-249.1), 329.5 (206.6-425.5) and 420.0 (475.2-475.6) nM, respectively]. The prevalence of isolates which were resistant to QN was reduced from 21.4% during the period 2006–2007 to 6.3% during the period 2008–2009.  Pfmdr1  86Y was found to be associated with increased susceptibility of the parasite to MQ and QN.  Pfmdr1  1034C was associated with decreased susceptibility to QN.  Pfmrp1  191Y and 1390I were associated with increased susceptibility to CQ and QN, respectively.    Conclusion  High prevalence of CQ and MQ-resistant  P. falciparum  isolates was observed during the four-year observation period (2006–2009). AS sensitivity was declined, while QN sensitivity was improved.  Pfmdr1  and  pfmrp1  appear to be the key genes that modulate multidrug resistance in  P. falciparum .

malaria journal

Four years’ monitoring of in vitro sensitivity and candidate molecular markers of resistance of Plasmodium falciparum to artesunate-mefloquine combination in the Thai-Myanmar border