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Background Lysozymes are antibacterial proteins defined by their ability to hydrolyse beta-1,4-glycosidic linkage between N-acetylmuramic acid and N-acetylglucosamine of peptidoglycan in the cell wall of bacteria [1]. In the recent years, little evidence on their involvement in malaria pathogenesis has emerged. In Anopheles gambiae and stephensi, lysozyme was shown to bind to oocysts of Plasmodium berghei and falciparum, thereby facilitating their development within the mosquito [2]. In human patients, lysozyme plasma levels correlated significantly to parasitaemia degree, suggesting its potential role as marker of disease severity [3]. In this context, phagocytosis of haemozoin (HZ, malarial pigment) was shown in a previous work to induce in vitro lysozyme release from human monocytes [4]; here, the underlying mechanisms were investigated.

Human lysozyme as a potential diagnostic marker in malaria: a mechanistic study of haemozoin-induced monocyte degranulation