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Background   Plasmodium ovale  is one of the five malaria species infecting humans. Recent data have shown that the name of this neglected species masks two distinct genotypes also called  curtisi  and  wallikeri . Some authors show that these species could be sympatric. These two subspecies are not differentiated by microscopy techniques and malaria rapid diagnostic tests. This diagnostic defect is the result of low parasitaemia, antigenic polymorphism and absence of antibodies performance and requires the use of sequencing techniques. An accurate and easy discrimination detection method is necessary.    Methods  A new molecular assay was developed to easily identify the two genotypes of  P. ovale . This tool allowed the study of 90 blood samples containing  P. ovale , confirmed by molecular biology techniques, which were obtained from patients with imported malaria.    Results  The new marker was validated on well genotyped samples. The genotype of 90  P. ovale  samples mainly imported from the Ivory Coast and the Comoros Islands was easily and quickly realized. The distribution of the two subspecies was described with a significant number of samples and showed that the two genotypes were present in the studied countries.    Conclusion  This work confirms the presence of the two species in the same country for the first time, in the Ivory Coast and the Comoros Islands. A better genotyping of  P. ovale  types may improve a better characterization of the clinical pathophysiology for each .

Real-time PCR assay for discrimination of Plasmodium ovale curtisi and Plasmodium ovale wallikeri in the Ivory Coast and in the Comoros Islands