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Background  In  Saccharomyces cerevisiae  galactose is initially metabolized through the Leloir pathway after which glucose 6-phosphate enters glycolysis. Galactose is controlled both by glucose repression and by galactose induction. The gene  PGM2  encodes the last enzyme of the Leloir pathway, phosphoglucomutase 2 (Pgm2p), which catalyses the reversible conversion of glucose 1-phosphate to glucose 6-phosphate. Overexpression of  PGM2  has previously been shown to enhance aerobic growth of  S. cerevisiae  in galactose medium.    Results  In the present study we show that overexpression of  PGM2  under control of the  HXT7' promoter from an integrative plasmid increased the PGM activity 5 to 6 times, which significantly reduced the lag phase of glucose-pregrown cells in an anaerobic galactose culture.  PGM2  overexpression also increased the anaerobic specific growth rate whereas ethanol production was less influenced. When  PGM2  was overexpressed from a multicopy plasmid instead, the PGM activity increased almost 32 times. However, this increase of PGM activity did not further improve aerobic galactose fermentation as compared to the strain carrying  PGM2  on the integrative plasmid.    Conclusion   PGM2  overexpression in  S. cerevisiae  from an integrative plasmid is sufficient to reduce the lag phase and to enhance the growth rate in anaerobic galactose fermentation, which results in an overall decrease in fermentation duration. This observation is of particular importance for the future development of stable industrial strains with enhanced PGM activity.

PGM2 overexpression improves anaerobic galactose fermentation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae