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Background  The Gram-positive bacterium  Bacillus subtilis  is an important producer of high quality industrial enzymes and a few eukaryotic proteins. Most of these proteins are secreted into the growth medium, but successful examples of cytoplasmic protein production are also known. Therefore, one may anticipate that the high protein production potential of  B. subtilis  can be exploited for protein complexes and membrane proteins to facilitate their functional and structural analysis. The high quality of proteins produced with  B. subtilis  results from the action of cellular quality control systems that efficiently remove misfolded or incompletely synthesized proteins. Paradoxically, cellular quality control systems also represent bottlenecks for the production of various heterologous proteins at significant concentrations.    Conclusion  While inactivation of quality control systems has the potential to improve protein production yields, this could be achieved at the expense of product quality. Mechanisms underlying degradation of secretory proteins are nowadays well understood and often controllable. It will therefore be a major challenge for future research to identify and modulate quality control systems of  B. subtilis  that limit the production of high quality protein complexes and membrane proteins, and to enhance those systems that facilitate assembly of these proteins.

Towards the development of Bacillus subtilis as a cell factory for membrane proteins and protein complexes